Colorectal cancer is cancer of the large intestines and can manifest silently over a period of 5 to 10 years.
Colorectal cancer in Singapore is the most common cancer in men and the second most common cancer in women. Colorectal or colon cancer occurs when cells in the colon or rectum mutate and form a polyp. While most polyps are initially benign, some can gradually transform into cancer through a well-documented process called the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
Left untreated, polyps may turn cancerous, metastasise, and spread to other parts of the body. Fortunately, screening methods such as colonoscopies can detect and remove precancerous polyps before they develop into cancer. This proactive approach not only facilitates early diagnosis but can also prevent cancer altogether by addressing the risk at its earliest stages.
It is important to note that you may not encounter any obvious signs and symptoms in the early stages of colon cancer.
Common symptoms - particularly in the more advanced stages - include:
The ideal method of screening is via a colonoscopy, a specialised procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the anus and through the rectum into the colon.
During this process, we will look for polyps - abnormal growths on the lining of the colon. These polyps can grow and develop without any obvious symptoms. Polyps that are detected during a colonoscopy will be removed on the spot and tested for the presence of cancer.
More about colonoscopy
Following a colon cancer diagnosis, cancer staging is a crucial step in guiding your treatment plan. This process often involves imaging scans of the abdomen, pelvis, and chest to precisely locate the tumour and determine its size. However, the definitive stage is usually confirmed only after surgery.
Preparation for colon cancer surgery generally begins weeks in advance. At least a week before your procedure, it is essential to discuss all current medications with your surgeon, as you may be advised to temporarily stop them to reduce the risk of complications.
As the surgery date nears, typically 24 hours prior, you will switch to a clear liquid diet and may be instructed to fast after midnight. Your surgeon will also provide specific bowel preparation instructions to ensure your colon is completely empty for the procedure.
Treatment for colorectal cancer depends on the stage and severity of the disease. Our colorectal cancer specialists use advanced techniques to provide effective care with minimal downtime.